babus



Patented Apr. 4, |899.

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 622,4lo.

A c. BAnus. GARBONATING APPARATUS. (Application filed May 17, 1895.) (NoModel.)

Patented Apr. 4, |899. c.,BAnus.

4 Shees--Sheet 2.

s /y lilll.

No. 622,4lo.

CARBONATING APPARATUS.

(Application led May 17, 1895.)

(No Model.)

No. 622,4l0.

Patented Apr. 4, |899.

C. BABUS.

CARBNATING APPARATUS.

(Application :led May 17, 1895.

(No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Il lll IIIHIIHlllllllllllllllllllllm IH IHIIIHIIIIII IIIIIIIII PatentedApr. 4, |899.

C'. BARUS.

CABBONATING APPARATUS.

(Application led May 17, 1895.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

llllllllll NITE TATES i PATENT CARL BARUS, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ALBERT LIEBER, OF INDIANAPOLIS,INDIANA.

CARBONATING APPARATUS.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 622,410, dated April4, 1899.

Application filed May 17, 1895. SerialNo. 549,637. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARLBARUS, of Washington, in the District ofColumbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCarbonating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to produce an improved apparatus forcarbonating liquids by the injection of comminnted or atomized liquidinto a confined volume of gas, and in apparatus for practicing themethod either separately or in conjunction with means of carbonatingliquids previously described by me in myPatents Nos.523,450 and 531,356,issued, respectively, July 24 and December 25, 1894.

In accordance with the plan of carbonation previously proposed by me gasis introduced in an atomized state into a body of liquid by means, forexample, of a porous receiver, elastic or not, through` the Walls ofwhich the gas is forced to pass. It was not in those patents suggestedthat the operation might be reversed by atomizing liquid and passing itthrough a porous receiver into a confined body of gas; lbut I havediscovered that it is not only practicable, but that disf tinctlyvaluable results are by that` method obtainable. Among other advantagesgained by the new process and apparatus which I now employ may beenumerated the more cornplete carbonation of the liquid Within agiventime, means for automatically regulating the influx and efflux ofliquid, the prevention of waste of the liquid to be carbonated, theshutting off of the apparatus as soon as the inflowing liquid isexhausted, the prevention of the passage of gas into the source ofliquid to be carbonated, the prevention of the passage of liquid intothe source of gas-supply, and means for automatically maintaining anearly constant difference of effective pressure between the parts ofthe apparatus containing uncarbonated liquid and gas, respectively.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I is a central verticallongitudinal section of a simple form of my apparatus. Fig. Il is across-section of the entire apparatus, taken as on the plane 2 2 of Fig.I. Fig. III is a cross-section of the entire apparatus, taken Fig.' IVis a as on the plane 3 3 of Fig. I.

cross-section of the entire apparatus, taken as on the plane 4 4 of Fig.I. Fig. Vis aperspective view of the'lower valve. Fig. VI illustrates insection adjustment mechanism for lengthening or shortening thevalve-connecting stem. Fig. VII is a central vertical longitudinalsection of the compound form of my apparatus. Fig. VIII is alongitudinal sectional view of the valve mechanism in the elevatedposition. Fig. IX is an axial section of an improved form of thecompound valve With spring-regulator. Fig. X is an' axial section ofspring-regulator applied at the cap. Referring to the figures on thedrawings, l indicates the shell of the carbonating chamber orreceptacle. It is preferably provided around its upper edge with anannular flange 2, that is designed to aord means of securing to theshell the cap 3 and the intermediate partition-diaphragm 4.

, 5 indicates annular fillets on the interior of the diaphragm that arelocated opposite the respective planes of division between it, the

flange 2, and the cap 3 and are designed to afford inside bearings forgaskets or packingrings 6, which are employed to secure gastight jointsbetween the parts, respectively, aforementioned.

The parts' enumerated may be united and firmly secured together byacrown of bolts 7, passing through the cap, diaphragm, and packing-ringsand screwing into the ange 2.

As illustrated in Fig. I, the cap is provided with a peak or extension8, into the extremity of which is screwed a pipe 9, communicating With-asource (not illustrated) of liquid to be carbonated, and whichmay becalled the influx-pipe.

10 indicates the efflux-pipe, communicating with the bottom of thecarbonating-chamber at-its lowest point and preferably projecting ashort distance above the surface of the interior, as indicated at ll.

l2 indicates a gas-supply tube designed to communicate with a source ofgas-supply. (Not illustrated.) 13 indicates an'air-vent, and 14 a cockcontrolling the same. The tube 12 preferably communicates with Itheinterior of the chamber 1 near its bottom and the pipe IOO smooth seatin the interior of the pipe 9 and provided with slits 1G, which arecovered and uncovered by its reciprocation in its seat. 17 indicates asimilar valve working in the pipe 10, that is also preferably providedwith a dished annular flange 18 around its upper edge and a packing-ring19, contained therein, the ring 19 being adapted to form,with theprojection 1l of the pipe 10, a specially tight joint.

2O indicates lateral slits in the valve 17.

2l indicates a float of suitable shape, size, and dimensions which, asby a screw-nipple 22 at its lower end, is secured to the valve 17. Atits upper end, as by a stem 23, it is secured to the valve 15. Thelength of the stem may be adjustable, as by a turnbuckle 24. (See Fig.VI.)

25 indicates a packing-box which makes a tight joint around the stem 23where it passes through the diaphragm 4. The weight of the float 21 ispreferably counterbalanced, as by a helical spring 26, coiled around thestem, secured at its upper end 27 to the bottom of the diaphragm 4 andadjustably secured at its lower end (as by a ring 2S, to which at thatend it is fastened, as by an abutlnentscrew 29) to the stem. The springpreferably acts both by extension and by compression in a way and forthe purpose to be hereinafter described.

rlhe diaphragm 4, as above suggested, preferably separates the interiorof the chamber l. from the interior of the cap and peak 8. The chamberis designed to be filled with carbon dioxid, while the compartment abovethe diaphragm receives liquid to be carbonated under pressure.

The purpose of my invention is to introduce the liquid from the upperreceptacle into the gasin com minuted form,sothatit may readily take upthe gas. For this purpose I provide in the apparatus means forcomminutin g the liquid as it passes through the diaphragm 4, and preferto employ one or more porous bags 31, preferably made of puncturedelastic material, which constitutes besides comminuting apparatusautomatic valves. These bags may be secured, as by wrapping wires 32 tonipples 33, that screw into the diaphragm and are similarly wired attheirlower end to a plug 34. The collapsing of the walls of the bags maybe prevented by an interior helical wire 35, preferably secured at itsupper end to a nipple 32, while the exterior of the walls may bereinforced and the Weight of the bag suspended by an exterior helicalwire 37, secured at its upper end, as to the interior of a collar 3S,secured to the bottom of the diaphragm, and at its lower end to a cup39, that supports the plug 34. The lower ends of the bags may besteadied by rings 40, whose shauks 4l. are secured to the interior ofthe shell, as byscrews 42. A shallow horizontal dish may be providedbelowr the bags to catch the drippings from the bags and to convey themto the lake below, so that they will not spatter on the float 21.

The apparatus just described com prehends the embodiment of my inventionin its simple form. It is operated as follows: Gas is admitted throughthe tube 12 into the interior of the chamber 1 under pressure, the valve17 being closed. The cock 14 is opened and the air, being lighter thanthe gas, is expelled until the chamber 1 is completely filled with thegas at required pressure. This operation needs to be performed but onceat the outset. The cock 14 is then closed and the liquid to becarbonated is admitted to the pipe 9 under pressure by forcing itthrough the pores or apertures in the walls of the bags 31 in a state ofcomminution into the body of the gas contained in the chamber 1. Thecomminuted particles of liquid reunite and form a lake in the bottom ofthe chamber 1, which as it rises lifts the float 21, that in proportionto the height of its elevation tends to close the valve 15 and to openthe valve 17, or, in other words, to promote the efiiux of liquid and toretard its inffux. If the liquid in the chamber 1 should risesufficiently high, the valve 15 will become eutirely closed andl checkthe influx until the liquid in the chamber has been sufficientlyexhausted to permit the continuation of the operation. By this means ifthe flow of liquid from the pipe 10 is checked at any time the operationof the apparatus is automatically checked, as required. Furthermore, thegas cannot pass into the bags 3 l, for their pores close by externalpressure; neit-her can the gas escape from the chamber 1, for the ring19 is tight-fitting.

In the compound form of my apparatus shown in Fig. VII the parts, whichare the same in both forms of apparatus, are similarly lettered and thespecification is equally descriptive of them. In this forni, however,the peak S and the upper valve are dispensed with. Consequently the stem23 is omitted and its place may be supplied with a central porous bag.43 indicates a pipe which communicates, as indicated at 44, with the cap3 at one end and at its lower end with the pipe 45 through an enlargedchamber 4G thereof. 47 indicates a second enlarged chamber similar tothe chamber 4G. 43 indicates the head of the pipe 45, the pipe and itschamber being preferably cast or manufactured in one piece. The headis'provided with a flange 4f) and a fillet 50 and is constructed toaccommodate a gas-chamber 51. 52 indicates a barrel united, as by athreaded joint 53, to the lower end of the chamber l, and as by anannular flange 54, a gasket 55, and a crown of bolts 5G to the flange 49of the head 48. This barrel is designed to accommodate gas-injectionbags 57. These bags are preferably substantially the same as the bags 3labove described and are secured to and supported by upright pipes 5S,screwed into the head 4S and com- IOO IIO

IZO

municating with the interior of the gas-res- I ervoir 5l. 59 indicates acock communicating with a source of gas-supply (not illustrated) andwith-the interior of the reservoir, and adapted, as required, to supplygas under pressure to the bags 57. In this form of apparatus the float2l is fastened to a stem 60 at one ot' its ends, whose other end isfastened to a compound valve 6l. The iioa-t may be balanced by a helicalspring 62, supported by an adjustable flanged nut 63, which screws intoa collar 64, supported by a spider 65, secured to the walls of thebarrel 52. that the spring may work both by extension and compression,its ends are bent radially inward, so as to be revolubly secured vin annular grooves S3 and 84 of the blocks, to which it is fastened. The valve61 is provided with a barrel-discharge aperture 66, efflux-slits 67, andinflux-slits 68, the efliuX-slits and the influx-slits beingseparated bya transverse partition 69. The valve 6l works vertically in a seatextended the length of the pipe 45. vided at its upper. end with aflange and a packing-ring 7l, which forms a tight joint over the annularboss 72 around the central bore of the head 48. 73 indicates aneftluxpipe communicating with a chamber 47,` and 74 an influx-.pipecommunicating, preferably, with the bottom of the pipe 45, the end ofthe valve 6l being, if that construction is employed, open. 75 indicatesa commingler-pipe establishing communication between the efflux-pipe 73and the influx-pipe 74 and controlled by a cock 76. 77 indicates a drumsecured on ashaft 78, that works in gas-tight bearings in the shell land which may be 0perated from the exterior. 79 indicates a chainsecured at one end of the drum and at the other end to an eyelet 8O onthe top ofthe float 2l. By the rotation of the drum the float maybemanually raised or lowered, as required, for cleaning the apparatus incase of accident.

The operation of the compound form of my apparatus, as illustrated inFig. VII, is as follows: Gas is admitted through the cock 59, and theair is expelled through the air-vent pipe 13, as explained withreference to the simple apparatus. Next the liquid to be carbonated isadmitted through the pipe 74, the valve 6l being closed,and,passingthrough the influx-slits 68,'enters the pipe 43, and through itthe compartment above the diaphragm 4, when in the comminuted form itenters the interior of the chamber and accumulates in the barrel 52.After filling the barrel 52 it begins to rise in the bottom of thechamber l, and as it rises elevates the float 21. For a considerabletime before it raises the iioat 2l the liquidv is subjected totheinjection of the gas through the bags 57 into the volume'thereofcontined in the barrel 52, and after the first operation of the machinethe barrel 52 is kept full. When the vHeat-2l rises sufliciently, itlifts the valve 6l, and, uncovering the discharge-aperture In order Itis prothe supply when the discharge liquid is in excess, and for keepingthe gas out of the su pply-pipes. It also keeps the liquid out of thegas-supply pipes automatically, because -the pores of the gas-bags 57close by external pressure. The superior density of the liquid whichcollectsl as a lake in the bottom of the chamberand surrounds thegas-supply valves over the gas in the pipes is partially relied upon toeffect the perfect operation of the valves. Furthermore, the lake in 52is more highly charged by gas passing through it in an atomized form.The commingling-pipe 75 is provided in order that the carbonated liquidin the pipe 73 may be supplied with still liquid if required and theamount of gas to the volume of liquid thereby diminished.

Pressure-gages 8l and 82, communicating, respectively, with thechambers46 and 47,

.maybe provided for determining the degree of pressure of the liquid ineach of the chambers. Preferably, however, an ordinary differential gage(not shown) at the top of the carbonator showing the difference ofpressure above and below the diaphragm 4 is to be used.

Thus far no mention has been made of the final important function of thecompound valve in maintaining, in combination with the spring 26 or 62,Figs. I and VII, an adjustable and nearly-constant difference ofpressure between the chamber of uncarbonized liquid above the diaphragm4 and the gaspressure below the diaphragm. The pressure in thesupply-pipe 74, Fig. VII, will in general increase when the inliux-valverises or closes by reason of the stricture at the ports. As a result thevelocity of the liquid at the ports will increase, and the valve will belifted upward by an increasing pressure. For simplicity suppose thegas-pressure to be constant and let theinflux-pressure increase. If now.the spring-as, for instance, 62 in Fig. VII-be set so as to compensate acertain part of this increased pressure by extension, then in view ofthe increased velocity of the influx at the .ports a nearly-constantcurrent of liquid will tend to enter the pipe 43, and thus thenearly-constant difference of pressure in question is maintained. Thesame reasoning holds for decreased in tluxpressure and for increased anddecreased gas-pressure, since the lift on the valve is due to pressuredifference above and below it.

In view of the important functions of the spring methods are indicatedin Figs. IX and X for placing it in a way more easily accessible fromthe outside of the carbonator to facilitate adjustment. In this case thedrum IIO and chain 77 7S 7) S0 maybe dispensed with, as well as theinternal spring 62, Fig. VII, and its spider support and adjustment.Fig. IX shows the compound Valve essentiallylike the preceding, exceptthat a lower end of the chamber 45 has been provided with an enlargement85 for the reception of the influxpipe 74C. The slide-valve is nowprovided with a spider at its lower end 86, (parts of its sides beingnotched, as at 87, to prevent stricture,) into which a long rod 88 isaxially fixed, as by a screw. Near the top of the rod a flange S0 isadjustably fixed. This ange has three purposes. It regulates thereciprocating play of the valve in combination with the upper flange 70.It is an additional means of shutting off the influx absolutely, even ifthe slide-valve should become worn. It finally serves for thenpperattachment of the spring 90, the functions of which have just beenstated. This attachment is made revoluble, as by annular groove 91 andindexed end of the spring. The other end of the spring 00 is similarlyattached to a tube 02, admitting the rod 88, closed at the lower end andprolonged there by another rod 93. The whole is contained in an externaltube 94, which is an axial prolongation of the chamber 85 and is closedbelow by a stu fling-box 95. The rod 03 passes through thisstuffing-box, and the adjustment of the spring is regulated by means ofa set-screw 06. In Fig. X the valve is supposed to be left as in Fig.VII. The spring G2 and lower attachments are removed. The top of theiioat is provided with a stem, as in Fig. I, which passes through thetop of the carbonator, as shown at 07, Fig. X. The diaphragm has beenremoved, and its place is supplied by the lid 0S, containing an annularchamber 99, fed as by the supplypipe 43. The lid is pierced, as shown at100, and in this hole 100 the pipe 101 is axially secured, as byscrew-threads. The adjustable spring mechanism within this pipe is verysimilar to that shown in Fig. IX, so that similar parts are similarlylettered. The spring 102 in this case acts by compression only, (whichusually suffices for the purpose of maintaining constant pressuredifferences,) and the filial adjustment is now secured by a screw 103,passing through a stuiiing-hox 104 and actuated manually from without.An adjustment-collar against which the spring 102 abuts is shown at 105.

It may be observed that while the valve G1 and its actuating mechanismordinarily serve to maintain the effective difference of pressure thearrangement of the collapsible liquid and gas valves insures themaintenance of such effective pressure. The liquid-valves, as willappear from the drawings, are so constructed that an excessivegas-pressure, due to the rising of the liquid and the consequentcompression of the gas, will close the valves and prevent the furtherinflux of liquid.

It may be noted that the devices of Figs.

IX and X may be used together to secure a more variable adjustment.

1. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination of a closedcarbonating-receptacle designed to receive and discharge a liquid, amovable influx-Valve controlled by the level of the liquid within thereceptacle, and arranged to gradually open and close the liquidinfluxopening as the liquid-level falls and rises, and an eluX-valveoperatively connected with and actuated by the influx-Valve, andarranged to gradually open and close the eiiiuX-liquid opening inverselyas the influxvalve controls the liquid-influx opening, sub-- stantiallyas set forth.

2. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination of a closedcarbonating-receptacle, a gradually opening and closing influx-valvecontrolling the liquid-supply to such receptacle, a gradually openingand closing eil'lnxvalve controlling'the discharge from such receptacle,a rigid connection between such valves, and a float within thereceptacle operated by the liquid-level therein, and rigidly connectedwith the said connection between the valves, substantially as set forth.

3. In carbonating apparatus, the combination with a stationary closedreceptacle,of separate gas-supply and liquid-supply pipes communicatingtherewith, and automatic valve mechanism adapted to be. operated frompressure within the receptacle dividing each of the pipes from theinterior of the receptacle, substantially as set forth.

4. In carbonating apparatus, the combination with a closed receptacle,gas and liquid supply pipes, respectively, communicating with theinterior thereof, of automatic valve mechanisms, operating to close bypressure from within the receptacle, dividing the liquid-supply and thegas-supply pipes, respectively, from the interior of the receptacle,whereby, when the gas-pressure in the gaspipe exceeds the internalpressure within the receptacle, the gas iiows into the receptacle, andwhen the liquid-pressure in the liquidpipe exceeds the internal pressurewithin the receptacle the liquid flows into the receptacle,substantially as set forth.

5. In carbonating apparatus, the combination with a closed receptacle,and liquid-supply and gas-supply pipes communicating, respectively, withthe interior thereof, of porous or punctured elastic bags dividing thegas-supply and liquid-supply pipes, respectively, from the interior ofthe receptacle, said bags constituting automatic valves opening andclosing, respectively, through variation in the ratio betweengas-pressure and liquid pressure, respectively, communicated through therespective pipes, substantially as set forth.

G. In carbonating apparatus, thecombination with a closed receptacle,liquid-supply andgas-supply pipes, communicating, respec- IOO IIO-

tively, with the interior thereof, of an influxvalve inserted into theliquid-supply pipe, means adapted to operate the valve by the height ofthe level of the liquid within thefreceptacle, and an automatic valveinterposed between the carbonator and the liquid-supply pipe closing byexcessive gas-pressure from within the receptacle, and opening byexcessive liquid pressure from within the pipe, whereby if thegas-pressure should diminish to any considerable extent below theliquid-pressure, and the liquid should, in consequence, flow in inexcessive quantity, the rise of the liquid in the receptacle willoperate at once to actuate the valve, and in that way diminish, oraltogether shut off, the liquid-pressure, substantially in the mannerandfor the purpose specified.

7 The method of carbonating liquids, which consists in dischargingliquid and gas separately and in a comminuted state i-nto a commonreceptacle, and in controlling the discharge of the' liquid by thepressure of gas in the receptacle, and in controlling the discharge ofthe gas by the pressure of the treated liquid therein,v substantially asset forth.

8. In carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receptacle designedto receive and discharge liquid, of inux and efflux valves, a diaphragm,and automatic valves controlling the flow of liquid through thediaphragm designed to be regulated by the variation of liquid-pressureabove and gas-pressure below the diaphragm, and mechanism controlled bythe liquid within the receptacle and designed the receptacle, ofautomatic liquid-valves between the liquid-iniux valve and the interiorof the carbonating-chamber, andV automatic gas -influx valves within thecarbonatingchamber and communicating with a gas-supply, said automaticliquid-Valves being controlled by the difference of pressure between theuncarbonated liquid and the interior of the carbonating-chamber, andsaid automatic gas-valves being controlled by the difference of pressurebetween the interior of the carbonating-chamber and the gas within thegassupply, substantially as specified.

l0. In carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receptacle, ofinterdependent iniux and efflux valves arranged in a manner to cause thegradual regulation of the influx and efflux, a lioat within thereceptacle, and mechanism operatively connected with said valves anddesigned to counteract the effect upon the valves of the increase inpressure incident to the gradual restriction of the iniux, substantiallyas specified.

In testimony of all which I have hereunto subscribed my name.

CARL BARUS. Witnesses:

Louis G. JULIHN, JOSEPH L. Arxius.

